Time-dependent hydrophobic characterisation of granular materials synthesised with commercial chemical agents

The impact of hydrophobicity on unsaturated granular materials is important because suction a function the degree saturation as well surface tension and contact angle water menisci. In this study, coatings have been applied surfaces quartzitic sand at different concentrations following synthesis with eight commercial chemical agents dimethyldichlorosilane (DMDCS) to induce hydrophobicity. Contact (CA) measurements drop penetration time (WDPT) tests carried out intervals investigate its persistence. Scanning electron microscope (SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was performed evaluate resulting composition sand. Results demonstrate that high concentration (5%) caused fluctuations in CA WDPT within first 24h. Except for one agent, maximum CAs reached by remaining after 24h were comparable DMDCS (CA=119°). However, critical needed achieve these differed significantly: lowest amongst 0.2% whereas DMDCS, 0.0053%. properties synthesised showed increases carbon content no change recorded compared untreated addition illustrating efficacy inducing materials, study has provided insights into timedependent hydrophobic behaviour synthesis.